Neuroprotective peptide PE22-28 in mood depression and weight loss

Neuroprotective PE22-28 is a peptide derive from the neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC), specifically from the sequence of the melanocortin receptor agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). It has potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and also plays a role in mood, depression, and weight loss.

How does PE22-28 work?

PE22-28 works primarily by interacting with melanocortin receptors (mcr), a group of G-protein-coupled receptors involved in a variety of physiological functions, including inflammation, energy homeostasis, and immune responses.

Melanocortin receptor activation :PE22-28 mimics the action of alpha-MSH by binding to and activating melanocortin receptors, specifically MC4R(melanocortin -4 receptor). This activation has been linked to neuroprotective effects, particularly in the brain.

Role of neuroprotective peptide PE22-28 in neurodegenerative diseases

Based on current research and understanding, PE22-28 may have a protective effect on the nervous system in several ways

Antioxidant effects: PE22-28 may protect nerve cells from oxidative damage by reducing oxidative stress and free radical production.

Anti-inflammatory effect: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are molecules that play an important role in the inflammatory response. By activating the corresponding receptor, PE22-28 can reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the damage to neurons caused by neuroinflammation. This makes PE22-28 a potential candidate for reducing inflammation, particularly in the nervous system.

Neurotrophic support: PE22-28 may provide neurotrophic support by promoting neuronal growth, maintenance, and repair of neuronal structure.

Neuroprotective effect: Studies have shown that PE22-28 helps reduce nerve cell apoptosis and increase the survival rate of nerve cells, thus playing a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases. By interacting with melanocortin receptors, PE22-28 may help protect neurons from damage or death caused by factors such as oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation. This neuroprotective effect is particularly important in diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

By reducing neuronal damage, PE22-28 can help slow the progression or relieve symptoms of diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Effects of PE-22-28 on mood and depression

Spadin is a new generation of antidepressants that work quickly. PE22-28 is a shortened Spadin analogue that exhibits better TREK-1 inhibition, in vivo stability, and antidepressant activity.

The two-pore domain potassium channel TREK-1 (TWIK associated potassium channel-1) is a potential target for the treatment of depression. Compared with spadin, PE 22-28 showed better specificity and affinity for TREK-1 channel.

TREK-1 receptors primarily found in brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, the region that regulates emotions, memory and learning.

PE-22-28 binds to the TREK-1 channel and blocks its activity to produce mental stability and improved mood, with results more desirable than Spadin alone.

Studies have shown that PE-22-28 can induce neurogenesis after just four days, which is much faster than other therapies.

Melanocortin receptors play an important role in regulating mood and stress responses, and PE-22-28 has an effect on mood and depression by activating melanocortin receptors (primarily MC4R).

Depression is often associated with an increase in inflammatory factors in the brain, and PE-22-28 may reduce the inflammatory response and neuronal damage associated with depression through its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Through the above pattern, PE-22-28 helps to improve depressive symptoms.

Melanocortin receptors are also involved in mood regulation. By activating these receptors, PE-22-28 may help balance neurotransmitters in the brain, promoting mood stability and reducing anxiety and mood swings.

Effects of PE-22-28 on cognitive function

Cognitive function involves many aspects such as memory, attention and executive function. PE-22-28 may have potential benefits in these areas, especially in the context of neuroprotection.

Cognitive enhancement: The neuroprotective effects of PE-22-28 can reduce neuronal damage and promote neuronal survival and function. This may have potential benefits for maintaining or improving cognitive function, particularly in the context of aging or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Neuroplasticity: By promoting the health of neurons and reducing inflammation, PE-22-28 may enhance brain plasticity, the brain’s ability to adapt to new information and environments. This may have a positive effect on learning and memory function.

PE22-28 may improve cognitive function by protecting neurons and reducing neuroinflammation, which may be beneficial for both healthy individuals and those with cognitive impairment.

Neuroprotective peptide PE-22-28 Mechanism of weight loss

In addition to the above effects, PE-22-28 also has a role in weight loss, which is achieved by the following ways.

Regulating appetite: Melanocortin receptors (specifically MC4R) are closely linked to the centers in the brain that regulate appetite. By activating MC4R, PE-22-28 may suppress appetite and reduce food intake, thereby helping to reduce calorie intake and aid weight loss.

Increased energy expenditure: Activating MC4R not only suppresses appetite, it may also increase energy expenditure by increasing the basal metabolic rate and promoting fat oxidation. Through this mechanism, PE-22-28 may help the body burn more calories, even in a resting state.

Improved fat distribution: Studies have shown that the melanocortin system plays a role in fat distribution and metabolic regulation. By affecting these receptors, PE-22-28 may help reduce the accumulation of belly fat, which cause a variety of metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.

While current research on PE-22-28 has focused on animal models or laboratory Settings, it shows some potential for treating mood disorders, depression, and improving cognitive function. PE-22-28 may help improve depressive symptoms, stabilize mood, and enhance cognitive function through its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and neurotransmitter regulatory effects.

PE-22-28 acts as a peptide derived from alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), primarily by activating the melanocortin receptor (specifically MC4R). These receptors play an important role in regulating appetite and energy metabolism, so PE-22-28 may have some potential in weight loss and weight management.